African countries have different independence anniversary dates. However, for most countries, more than six decades have now passed since colonial administrations ended.

That raises an uncomfortable question: more than 60 years after colonialism, why do so many African countries still struggle with the basics of development; reliable public services, quality education, decent healthcare, productive economies, infrastructure and, in some cases, even basic survival?

Colonialism undoubtedly left deep structural damage. Borders were drawn without regard to existing communities, economies were designed largely to serve external interests, and institutions were often built for control rather than accountable governance. These historical realities should not be erased.

But history can explain a problem without becoming an excuse for perpetuating it.

At some point, Africa and its leaders must confront an even harder question: when do we fully own the problem?

For decades, some pessimistic African leaders have found political comfort in blaming former colonial powers for almost every failure. The colonial legacy is invoked whenever institutions collapse, economies stagnate or governments fail to deliver. Yet blaming yesterday cannot build tomorrow. A continent cannot permanently outsource responsibility for its future.

There are examples on the continent that demonstrate that a different trajectory is possible.

Rwanda offers one such example. Following the Genocide against the Tutsi in 1994, the country faced devastation on a scale that could easily have produced decades of paralysis. Instead, the RPF-led government focused on rebuilding the country’s security, economy, infrastructure, health, tourism, job creation, industries and many other more sectors; national mindset included.

The starting point was a simple but consequential question: Where do we want to go as a country?

That question eventually became institutionalised through long-term national strategies, including Vision 2020 and Vision 2050. The objective was not simply to repair what had been destroyed, but to establish a clear direction for the country and mobilize citizens and institutions around it.

Perhaps more importantly, Rwanda embraced what it calls home-grown solutions; the idea that solutions to national problems should be developed from the country's own realities rather than permanently waiting for external actors to solve them.

This approach has not made Rwanda perfect but progressive. Its experience demonstrates an important principle: development begins with ownership.

And this is where Africa needs to evolve intellectually.

Africa now needs to move from Pan-Africanism to Meta-Africanism. Not as another ideology. Not as another political slogan. And certainly not as a rejection of Pan-Africanism.

Meta-Africanism should be understood as a transformational mindset.

A Meta-African mindset aligns with a mindset reset: we know our history, but we refuse to be trapped by it.

It demands that African countries take responsibility for what happens within their borders. It demands better governance, productive economies, stronger institutions, innovation, accountability and a culture of solving problems rather than endlessly explaining them. This is beyond political independence, later alone sovereignty.

Africa does not need another generation of leaders whose primary political strategy is explaining why someone else is responsible for their failures. It needs leaders willing to ask uncomfortable questions, make difficult decisions and pursue long-term national interests even when the medicine is bitter.

Six decades is enough time to stop asking only, "What did colonialism do to us?”

The question now must increasingly become: "What are we going to do with the future we have?”

Africa's next liberation may therefore not only be political but also psychological; a liberation from dependency, excuses and the belief that someone else must come and fix Africa.

The continent does not lack resources, people or potential.

What it needs is the courage to reset its mindset.

From historical consciousness to transformational ownership. From surviving history to building the future.

The writer is a public policy and socio-economic governance enthusiast.