Women in Rwanda can now collect cervical cancer screening samples using a new self-sampling programme, either at home or at a health facility. Since it started, six months ago, more than 523,000 women have used the kits to test for high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the main cause of cervical cancer. ALSO READ: What Rwanda is doing to eliminate cervical cancer by 2027 Here are 10 key things to know about the kits and their use: Sample collection The kit contains a swab that women use to collect a vaginal sample themselves. “This programme allows women to take control of their health without feeling embarrassed or uncomfortable,” said Dr. Theoneste Maniragaba, the Director of the Cancer Programme at Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC). ALSO READ: Rwanda could eliminate cervical cancer by 2027, says health minister Who can use the kits Women aged 30 and above are eligible, even if they feel healthy. Dr. Maniragaba added that women noticing unusual bleeding, persistent discharge, or a painless lump in the breast are especially encouraged to participate. Where can you get the kits? Kits can be picked up from public health facilities or private clinics. Participating private clinics include Legacy, DMC Carrefour, Good Life, Bien Naitre, Bwiza Medical, MBC Hospital, Polyclinic Medico-Social, and Saint Jean Polyclinique in Nyarugenge, according to RBC. Number of women screened Dr. Jean de Dieu Hategekimana, the Cancer Diseases Senior Officer at RBC, said, “So far, more than 523,000 women have used self-sampling kits, representing about 30 percent of those eligible. Testing continues nationwide as part of Rwanda’s plan to eliminate cervical cancer by 2027.” Laboratory processing and results Dr. Hategekimana said that samples are analysed in RBC laboratories, which have the capacity, trained staff, and equipment to handle current demand. The results are usually ready within two to three weeks, which allows women to follow up on time if needed. Follow-up for positive results Women who test positive are referred to health centres for treatment of precancerous lesions or to district hospitals for more advanced care, including biopsies (procedures to remove cells, tissue, or fluid for examination) and referrals. “This ensures that women, even in rural areas, can access timely care,” Dr. Hategekimana explained. Accuracy of the kits Dr. Maniragaba noted that self-collected samples are as reliable as those collected by clinicians. “Women can trust the results and take action early, before symptoms appear,” he said. Privacy, convenience The kits remove barriers such as travel time, clinic discomfort, and embarrassment, making screening more accessible. RBC officials note that this convenience encourages women who might otherwise avoid testing to participate. Support, community guidance Community health workers and facility staff provide guidance on using the kits and understanding results. Dr. Hategekimana said, “While discussions about reproductive health can be sensitive, community health workers have helped increase acceptance of self-testing.” Free access The kits are provided free of charge under the RBC Cancer Programme. Dr. Hategekimana noted that their availability across several clinics ensures women throughout the country can participate in early detection.
