A look at Rwanda’s top 10 imports valued at Rwf2.8tn

Rwanda’s top 10 imported products in 2024 amounted to more than $1.95 billion (approx. Rwf2.8 trillion), according to the Trade & Industry Performance 2024 data by the Ministry of Trade and Industry, highlighting their importance in supporting both household consumption and industrial production. Those products accounted for 28.4 per cent of the country’s total merchandise import bill of more than $6.88 billion in 2024. While the country’s total merchandise exports reached over $3.16 billion in 2024, marking a 27.4 per cent increase from $2.48 billion in 2023, total imports rose by 11.2 per cent, from more than $6.19 billion in 2023 to over $6.88 billion in 2024. As a result, Rwanda recorded a trade deficit of more than $3.71 billion in 2024. ALSO READ: Rwanda’s exports to United Arab Emirates surpass $1.5 billion As per the Trade & Industry Performance 2024 data, petroleum oils (fuel) topped the list, reaching $680 million import bill – marking a 9.5 per cent increase from $621 million in 2023. Rice was the second-largest import, rising by 32.6 per cent to $317 million from $239 million. ALSO READ: Rwanda’s rice imports top $300m: Will local farmers cash in? Other major imports and their year-over-year changes, as per the same data, included: Cane sugar and chemically pure sucrose – $238 million in 2024 ( representing an increase of 24 per cent, up from $192 million in 2023) Palm oil and its fractions – $207 million (implying a decrease of 12.7 per cent, down from $237 million) Motor cars – $108 million ( a decrease of 4.4 per cent, down from $113 million) Cement – $94 million ( a 40.3 per cent rise, up from $67 million) Frozen fish (excluding fillets) – $92 million ( a growth of 31.4 per cent, up from $70 million) Pharmaceutical products – $82 million ( a 9.9 per cent drop, down from $91 million) Electrical apparatus for sound or visual signaling – $75 million (a decline of about 47.2 per cent, down from $142 million) Insulated wire, cables, and electric conductors – $62 million (reflecting a reduction of 27.1 per cent, down from $85 million). Some of top imported volumes in 2024, according to data from the Ministry of Trade and Industry are: Petroleum oils – 816,000 tonnes Cement – 818,000 tonnes Rice – 509,000 tonnes Cane/beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose – 308,000 tonnes Palm oil and its fractions – 196,000 tonnes Frozen fish (excluding fillets) – 89,000 tonnes What's driving these imports? The Minister of Trade and Industry, Prudence Sebahizi, told The New Times that the import bill fluctuations observed in the past year can be associated with multiple factors, pointing out that, as a general rule of thumb, global inflation of various products due to logistics issues on key trade routes like the Red Sea impacted some import prices. ALSO READ: Red Sea disruption risks on inflation persist despite slowdown – experts Sebahizi observed that “key food imports, including rice, mainly rose to cater to the growing market demand,” while others, including cane sugar and cement, were key industrial imports that contribute to Rwanda's industrial development in the agro processing and construction sectors. “Reductions in the import bill for some of these products point to Rwanda's sustained industrial growth with notable decreases in the agro processing and pharmaceutical products,” he said, indicating that these are two sectors in which the nascent and existing Rwandan industries have recently hugely participated. Why are these products the top imports for Rwanda? There are various different reasons for these products comprising Rwanda's top imports, Sebahizi said, stating that petroleum and motor vehicles are naturally transportation-related goods that are not locally produced. Rice, palm oil, sugar and frozen fish are food products, which, whilst locally produced, do not meet local demand. Notably, petroleum, cooking oil, rice, and pharmaceutical products are generally demand inelastic and vulnerable to price fluctuations because they are demanded almost irrespective of price, he explained. Some of these products are inputs to economic activity, such as cement imports of clinker being further processed. Other products, such as wire equipment, are both consumer goods and potentially industrial inputs that are ubiquitous but not available at scale locally, he added. ALSO READ: Govt, Cimerwa partner to build Rwf270bn clinker factory in Musanze Strengthening industrial sector and expanding market access as the way forward Sebahizi said that the import bill alone can't paint a fully informative picture of the health of the country’s economy. ALSO READ: Nine priority sectors for new industrial policy in Rwanda Especially for a dynamic and developing economy like Rwanda, he held that developing and diversifying its export ability is the way towards narrowing the trade deficit and achieving a healthier export-import ratio. “We are focused on implementing policies that favor and attract investors to develop our industrial sector and broadening our market access on the continental and global level. The Industrial Policy in place sets a clear path towards this goal,” he said. He indicated that priority sectors in the second National Strategy for Transformation (NST2), which runs from 2024/25 through 2038/29, along with the trade policies and other continental and regional efforts like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), are all oriented towards export development and domestic market recapture. Rwanda targets to generate $7.3 billion in annual export revenues by 2029, up from $4.3 billion in 2024.

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A look at Rwanda’s top 10 imports valued at Rwf2.8tn