During the liberation struggle, music played an instrumental role in uplifting the spirits of Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) fighters and restoring hope among Rwandans in exile. We review some of the songs and the meaning behind them.

Abiwacu Muraho: A song of liberation, nostalgia

"Abiwacu Muraho" literally translates to "My country people, how're you?" This nostalgic chant resonated with RPA fighters in exile as they longed to return to their homeland and reunite with their families.

The lyrics of the song evoke a sense of longing and homesickness. It captures the essence of RPA fighters who hailed from various regions, having sought refuge in neighboring countries such as Zaire, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and even Europe. This diversity of backgrounds united them in their quest for liberation.

As the soldiers recite the names of these countries, they express their profound sadness at being away from their beloved Rwanda. However, the song takes a turn as they sing about their arrival in Rwanda, triggering a wave of nostalgia. They mention passing landmarks like Kagitumba and recalling the national park. Journeying further, they notice the Umutara region upon reaching Nyagatare, and the entire Rukiga region when arriving in Gatuna.

The soldiers extend their greetings to fellow Rwandans from Ruhengeri and Gisenyi, Kibuye and Gitarama, Kigali and Butare, Byumba and Kibungo, Cyangugu and Gikongoro.

They sing, "Fellow Rwandans, hope you're well," encompassing the entire nation from East to West, North to South, and the heart of Kigali.

The song is punctuated with the repetitive phrases of "Abiwacu Muraho" and "Hobe." These words, deeply rooted in Kinyarwanda, convey warm greetings and well wishes.

"Abiwacu Muraho" stands as a powerful anthem that inspired liberation efforts on the battlefield, instilled hope in Rwandans in exile, and ignited a sense of longing for freedom among those inside the country who suffered under oppressive governance.

Through its heartfelt lyrics and nostalgic melodies, this song holds a special place in the hearts of many, serving as a testament to the resilience and determination of the Rwandan people during a pivotal period in their history.

The original composition of "Abiwacu Muraho" was a collaborative effort by RPA fighters, who sang it in unison. However, over time, various remixes of the song emerged, gaining notable popularity, including viral remakes by artistes such as Natty Dread and Masamba Intore.

Turaje: The inspiring anthem of homecoming, hope

In our exploration of songs that played a pivotal role in Rwanda's liberation, we come across another powerful and influential composition that resonated deeply with both the Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA) soldiers and Rwandans in exile.

"Turaje" by Isamaza Group captured the collective spirit of a grand homecoming and expressed the aspirations of reconciliation, development, and safety. Let's delve into the significance of this remarkable song and understand how it contributed to the liberation movement

"Turaje" was composed and performed by a group of talented women: Jeanne D'arc Kaligirwa, Suzanne Nyiranyamibwa, Anonciata Gatera, Françoise Ruboneka, and Anonciata Kayisire. Together, they formed the Isamaza Group, whose songs became a beacon of hope for Rwandans longing to return to their homeland.

Not only did their music uplift the spirits of fellow compatriots, but it also served as a means to generate funds for the RPA soldiers. The group embarked on tours in different countries, organising performances to gather support for the troops.

The opening lines of "Turaje" proclaim, "Turaje, n'ibihumbi n'ibihumbi" - meaning "We're coming, we're thousands of thousands." The lyrics evoke a sense of unity and determination, emphasizing that a multitude of Rwandans in exile are on their way back home.

The song continues to paint a vivid picture of this homecoming by highlighting various groups within the community: young men, old men, parents with children, young women, and girls in their puberty, newborns, and young children. The refrain "turaje" reinforces the message that the return is imminent and signifies a departure from foreign lands.

In another verse, "Turaje" urges the receiving community to prepare a shelter and emphasizes that the time has come for their return. The song stresses unity and working together to develop Rwanda. It reiterates that Rwandans share the same blood and harbor no hatred in their hearts. Rather than seeking revenge for the past, their aim is progress and the uplifting of the country.

The lyrics express a commitment to innovation and assure the listeners that their return is not to claim possessions but driven by a deep longing for their beloved nation.

The song concludes with a powerful chorus: "Turaje, turaje, turaje, turaje." The voices of the Isamaza Group blend harmoniously, as they sing together, "We're coming, thousands of thousands, thousands of young men." The repetitive chanting of "turaje" creates a captivating and immersive experience, infusing the song with an unwavering spirit of determination. It becomes a resounding anthem of hope and a testament to the unwavering commitment of Rwandans to reclaim their homeland.

It is worth noting that "Turaje" faced resistance from the government and was met with criticism from many radio stations in Rwanda at the time it was released. Due to the media's involvement in promoting hate propaganda, the song was often censored or disregarded.

However, its impact on those who yearned for liberation and a peaceful return home remained indelible. "Turaje" will forever be remembered as a song that inspired both the RPA soldiers and Rwandans alike, instilling them with a renewed sense of purpose and fortitude.

LISTEN TO THE SONG: Turaje by Isamaza

Iya Mbere Ukwakira: A melody of courage, triumph

‘Iya Mbere Ukwakira’ (October 1) holds significant historical importance in Rwanda’s journey towards freedom, symbolizing the fight against an oppressive regime and the pursuit of an inclusive and pluralist democracy.

‘Iya Mbere Ukwakira’ resonated deeply with the hearts of the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) troops who courageously sang it on the battlefield, infusing their spirits with unwavering morale. Moreover, it quickly became a beloved anthem among many during the period of the liberation war, capturing the essence of hope and determination.

To truly understand how this song inspired liberation, let us immerse ourselves in its poignant lyrics. Opening with the powerful line, "October 1st, 1990, we had a good dream, that we’re crossing,” the song instantly transports us to a pivotal moment in history. It vividly recounts the triumphant march of the RPA soldiers, fearlessly advancing towards their noble cause.

"We’ve entered Kagitumba, captured Umutara, we’ve entered Gatuna, captured the volcanoes. We’ve settled in Ruhengeri, Oyee Inkotanyi,” the lyrics proclaim, illustrating the relentless pursuit of liberation. The song highlights the resilience and bravery of the Inkotanyi troops, narrating their encounters with opposition forces and the eventual triumph over adversity.

As the narrative unfolds, the song delves deeper into the realities of the battle, shedding light on the sacrifices made and the challenges faced. It recounts the fleeing of the country’s leadership to seek external assistance, leaving their people behind. Meanwhile, the Inkotanyi troops march on, steadfast and undeterred, capturing key locations and earning the admiration of those they encounter.

The refrain echoes, "We’ve entered Kagitumba, captured Umutara, we’ve entered Gatuna, captured the volcanoes. We’ve settled in Ruhengeri, Oyee Inkotanyi,” reaffirming the relentless forward march and the indomitable spirit of those fighting for liberation.

The artiste eloquently paints a picture of the battle’s aftermath, depicting the horrors of innocent lives lost and bloodshed along the retreating path of the opposition. Through these vivid verses, the song mourns the tragic consequences of the conflict while underscoring the courage and resilience of the Inkotanyi troops.

It is worth noting that a military version of the song exists, further amplifying the details, mentioning specific names, and incorporating the soldiers’ personal touch. This rendition was created out of love and admiration for the song, allowing the troops to infuse their own experiences and perspectives into its powerful narrative.

"Iyambere Ukwakira” stands as a testament to the unwavering determination and spirit that fuelled the liberation movement in Rwanda. Its lyrics resonate with the collective courage and hope of a nation striving for freedom and justice. Despite the challenges and sacrifices endured, the song embodies the strong resolve to overcome adversity and build a brighter future.

This iconic anthem will forever be etched in the nation’s history, reminding us of the power of music to inspire change and unite a nation.

LISTEN TO THE SONG: Iya Mbere Ukwakira by Ben Rutabana

Majeshi Makali: A powerful anthem of bravery, tribute

In our exploration of songs that inspired liberation, we present "Majeshi Makali,” a Swahili composition that encapsulates the spirit of strength, tribute, and the beautiful present of Rwanda.

Originally composed by the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) Band, under the leadership of Late Lieutenant Kamuhangire, this song holds a special place in the hearts of those who fought for liberation.

"Majeshi Makali,” which translates to "Strong Forces,” was first released in 1992 during the midst of the liberation struggle. Over time, it gained popularity and was later recorded in a studio, allowing its powerful message to reach a broader audience.

Let us delve into the lyrics to uncover how this anthem became a source of inspiration during the liberation movement.

The song commences with an introduction that proudly proclaims:

"RDF military, the army of victors

It’s a strong army indeed

In 1990, the RDF Youth volunteered

Fighting for their country to liberate it

Led by the late hero, Rwigema.”

The hook echoes the strength and resilience of the RDF Military, emphasizing the role of high morale and patriotism in achieving victory. It calls for unity and the collective effort to safeguard the nation.

"RDF military, a strong military

High morale is what helped and guided us

Politics led by patriotism is what gave us victory

Let’s all join forces to protect our country.”

The lyrics vividly depict the purpose behind the struggle for liberation. They reflect upon the hardships faced by Rwandans, including refugees, violence, discrimination, theft, and the consequences of bad governance. Through these verses, the song reinforces the commitment to overcome these challenges and build a brighter future.

The narrative further highlights specific battle locations, such as Kagitumba, Gako, Ruhengeri, Gatuna, Byumba, Kigali, and Butare. These references symbolize the bravery and unwavering dedication of the RDF Military, emphasizing their refusal to retreat in the face of adversity.

The song also pays tribute to fallen heroes, acknowledging their sacrifice in the battle for liberation. Names such as Fred Rwigema, Alex Bayingana, Bunyenyezi, Mico, Byaruhanga, Kayitare, Bitamazire, and Waswa are solemnly remembered, with a heartfelt plea for divine blessings upon their souls.

As the lyrics progress, the song emphasizes the unyielding leadership that guided the RDF military. Their constant reminders to remain vigilant, unified, and to protect the motherland are depicted as essential elements in the path to victory.

The composition further celebrates Rwanda as a nation filled with willingness, knowledge, and good politics.

The anthem concludes with a reintroduction of the powerful hook, emphasizing the strength of the RDF military and the crucial role played by high morale, politics rooted in patriotism, and the collective commitment to protect the country.

"Majeshi Makali” stands as a testament to the bravery, resilience, and sacrifice of those who fought for liberation in Rwanda. Its lyrics capture the indomitable spirit of the RDF military, paying homage to fallen heroes and celebrating the unity that propelled the nation towards a brighter future.

Through its resounding melodies and powerful message, "Majeshi Makali” continues to inspire generations, reminding us of the unwavering determination required to overcome adversity and build a prosperous and united Rwanda.

LISTEN TO THE SONG: Majeshi Makali by RDF Army Band

Kigali Uteye Neza Kandi Utatse Ubwiza: A melodic celebration of the beautiful capital

In our exploration of songs that inspired liberation, we turn our attention to "Kigali Uteye Neza Kandi Utatse Ubwiza.” This captivating composition by the Indahemuka cultural troupe served as a source of hope and entertainment for the fighters during the four-year struggle for liberation. It kept their spirits alive, reminding them of the ultimate goal: a liberated motherland.

Among the troupe’s repertoire of liberation-inspired songs, "Kigali Uteye Neza Kandi Utatse Ubwiza” shines brightly. Let us delve into the lyrics to understand why it holds such significance.

The song opens with an enchanting line: "A good story that surpassed all the other stories, all of Kigali is expecting us.” It sets the stage for an exploration of the beauty and allure of the Rwandan capital.

The lyrics paint a vivid picture, celebrating Kigali’s splendor and uniqueness. They proclaim, "Kigali you’re beautiful, your landscape can’t be seen anywhere else.”

The verses continue, depicting the journey towards Kigali and the awe-inspiring sights along the way. As the troupe reaches the uphill of Shyorongi, they are greeted by the vibrant city. They invite listeners to "listen to the heritage” and bask in the rich cultural tapestry of Kigali.

The song further emphasizes the joyous celebrations and the presence of abundant livestock at Muyumbu, emphasizing the city’s connection to its rural surroundings. The lyrics reflect, "Listen well to the people partying for you, look well and you’ll notice the herds of cattle at Muyumbu.”

Describing Kigali as the capital of Rwanda, the lyrics exalt its purity and allude to its heavenly associations. The city is portrayed as a place of virtue, blessed by its connection to paradise and its ties to the legendary children of Gihanga.

As the song progresses, the troupe invites listeners to turn around and appreciate the shining splendor of Kigali. It encourages them to rest and savor the city’s magnificence. The lyrics paint a picture of majestic mountains that form Kigali’s backdrop, nourished by the rivers of Nyabugogo and refreshed by the gentle breezes from Jali and Nyamweru.

The song concludes with a captivating rendition of Kinyarwanda proverbs, adding a touch of cultural richness and depth to the composition. Although the precise meanings of these proverbs may be elusive to those unfamiliar with the Kinyarwanda language, they serve as a testament to the beauty and heritage of the Rwandan capital, Kigali.

"Kigali Uteye Neza Kandi Utatse Ubwiza” is a melodic celebration of the city’s unique charm and cultural significance. Through its enchanting melodies and evocative lyrics, the song captures the essence of Kigali, showcasing its unmatched beauty and distinctiveness.

As we reflect upon this liberation-inspired anthem, we pay tribute to the resilience and spirit of the Rwandan people. "Kigali Uteye Neza Kandi Utatse Ubwiza” stands as a testament to the power of music to inspire and unite, reminding us of the deep connection between culture, liberation, and the celebration of a beautiful city.

LISTEN TO THE SONG: Kigali Uteye Neza Kandi Utatse Ubwiza by Indahemuka