Experts from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are in Rwanda for the first phase of an Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review Mission to assess the country’s readiness for safe, secure, and sustainable nuclear power.

The review mission running from March 2-9 is seen as a major milestone in Rwanda’s journey to adopt nuclear energy.

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The experts will evaluates the country’s preparedness across 19 key areas, including policy and strategy, legal and regulatory frameworks, safety, security, human resource development, radioactive waste management, and stakeholder engagement.

The Rwanda Atomic Energy Board (RAEB) said the review reflects the country&039;s commitment to international best practices and transparency as it develops nuclear energy as part of its long-term power mix.

During the week-long mission, the IAEA team will meet government officials and partners to review progress, identify gaps, and provide recommendations to strengthen nuclear infrastructure.

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The IAEA mission does not authorise the construction of nuclear power plants but provides an independent assessment and guidance for the next phases of development.

Rwanda currently has 84.6 per cent electricity access, with per capita energy consumption at about 77 kWh. The government aims for full electrification and a significant increase in per capita consumption by 2050.

Current domestic energy sources are insufficient to meet projected demand, estimated between 2.5 and 4.5 GW by mid-century, according to officials.

To address this, the government is developing a nuclear energy programme that will complement the existing energy mix. The plan focuses on Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology, expected to contribute at least 110 MW in the early 2030s.

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One megawatt of SMR capacity can supply electricity to around 3,000 homes, at an estimated cost of $2–3 million per megawatt. According to the new energy policy, developing nuclear power plants could cost up to Rwf1 trillion by 2034/35.

Over the past few years, Rwanda has laid the groundwork for nuclear development through international cooperation and capacity-building initiatives.