Fake eyelashes, or eyelash extensions have become a popular cosmetic trend for women as they enhance beauty by giving natural lashes a fuller look. These lashes boost one’s appearance by adding volume and length to their eyelashes. However, this beauty trend comes with risks that may not be immediately obvious.

The glues used to stick eyelash extensions include chemicals and ingredients that may be irritating or harmful, and if one reacts to a chemical used during the process, they are likely to experience side effects within two to three days, including bloodshot eyes, burning, itching, pain, rash, redness, and inflammation of the eye or eyelid swelling, which can be severe.

ALSO READ: The growing popularity of false eyelashes in Rwanda

Speaking to The New Times, Dr Egide Gisagara, a consultant ophthalmologist at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), explained possible risks eyelash extensions pose to eye health.

Dr Gisagara noted that fake eyelashes could compromise the natural protection the eyelashes provide, saying that some individuals opt to apply artificial eyelashes or elongate their natural lashes using topical treatments.

"These practices, while fashionable, can be harmful to the delicate anatomy of the eye,” he cautioned.

ALSO READ: It’s time to start taking eye health seriously

Dr Gisagara said that these glues often contain harsh chemicals that can irritate the skin and, if they come into contact with the eye, can lead to more serious conditions like conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye.

"The eye is a sensitive organ, and any foreign substance that comes into contact with it can cause irritation or infection. In some cases, the glue can even cause allergic reactions, resulting in inflammation and discomfort,” Dr Gisagara said.

He pointed to the mechanical damage that can occur when eyelash extensions are improperly applied. "When these artificial lashes are glued to the natural ones, they can place excessive pressure on the eyelid, causing a condition called mechanical ptosis. This refers to the dropping of the eyelid, which can block the superior visual field.”

He added that if the eyelid drops, the person loses the ability to see objects above them clearly, noting that this can be particularly concerning as most people rely on their vision for daily tasks such as driving or walking.

Artificial lashes also irritate the cornea, which is the most sensitive part of the body, and when eyelash extensions touch it, they can cause abrasions.

"These abrasions can lead to painful ulcers or even permanent damage if left untreated. The sensation of having something in the eye can be painful, and the risk of infection increases as the eyelash extensions rub against the eye’s surface,” he added.

Dr. Gisagara highlighted the challenge of maintaining proper hygiene with eyelash extensions, saying that if they are particularly not cleaned properly, can harbor bacteria and other microorganisms.

"The risk of infection increases when people neglect to clean their eyelash extensions, as they trap dirt, oil, and sweat, which then come into contact with the eye. In severe cases, untreated infections can spread to the surrounding tissues, including the delicate structures around the eye,” he said.

Dr. Gisagara added that when people repeatedly use artificial eyelashes, they may weaken the natural lashes over time as the glue used in their application can cause natural lashes to fall out prematurely, leading to a condition known as madarosis. This condition leaves individuals more vulnerable to foreign body injuries, as their natural defense mechanisms, such as the eyelashes, are no longer present.

The doctor warns of the dangers posed by individuals who opt for eyelash lengthening treatments that use medications intended for glaucoma (a chronic eye disease that can damage the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss or blindness.)

"These treatments, while effective in reducing intraocular pressure, have a side effect of elongating eyelashes. While some people use this medication to grow longer eyelashes, it is a serious medication that should only be used under the supervision of a medical professional,” Dr. Gisagara said.

Using these medications for cosmetic purposes can lead to unintended side effects and worsen existing eye conditions, he added.

He also acknowledged the allure of eyelash extensions, especially for special occasions like weddings or photoshoots. However, he urges people to consider the consequences before committing to permanent use of fake eyelashes.

"Occasional use of eyelash extensions may not cause harm, but long-term use can lead to a variety of eye health issues. People should be mindful of the normal functioning of their eyes and weigh the risks before making cosmetic decisions that can affect their health,” Dr Gisagara said.

"The eye is a unique organ that cannot be replaced, unlike other parts of the body such as teeth or limbs. Once the eye is damaged, the effects can be irreversible, which is why it’s essential to take good care of it.”

A 2019 study published by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) highlights the widespread use of eyelash extensions, particularly in countries like the United States, Nigeria, Ghana, Japan, and China. The study found that women aged 10 to 39 typically choose eyelash extensions to enhance their natural beauty and femininity.

However, the procedure comes with several health risks. Over 73 per cent of users reported ocular side effects such as dry eyes, itching, redness, and pain. Untreated reactions can lead to more serious conditions like toxic conjunctivitis and allergic blepharitis.

The cause of these adverse effects is often linked to the glue used to stick the extensions, which contains cyanoacrylate, latex, ammonia, and formaldehyde, chemicals known to trigger allergic reactions.

Mechanical issues also arise from eyelash extensions, including corneal dryness, bacterial infections, and challenges with hygiene and lid cleansing. Additionally, gel pads used during the procedure can cause irritation and allergic reactions due to methylisothiazolinone, a preservative they contain.

The study findings indicate a rise in cases related to eyelash extensions, with 42 reports of allergic blepharitis, along with other complications like keratoconjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis, and conjunctival erosion.